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Writing for Publication: Writing the Manuscript

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Books on Writing

What Does a Research Paper Look Like?

You can remember what goes in a research paper with the acronym I'M RaD: Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion. Here's what should go in each section:

  • Introduction: What is the problem or question you are exploring? Why does it matter to the field? What previous research has been done on the topic and how will your research add to the existing knowledge? Basic statistical information about the scope of the problem can go in this section, as can a brief literature review.
  • Methods: How did you attempt to answer your question? Describe the method(s) used (assay, survey, interview, randomized controlled trial, etc.) in enough detail that someone else could replicate your research. Be sure to include information about equipment type, recruitment, sample size, sampling methods, randomization, blinding, and data analysis methods, as relevant.
  • Results: What did you find? This section may include statistical tests, survey results, themes from interviews or focus groups, figures, tables, or images of test results.
  • Discussion: What do your findings mean? This section is where you interpret your results and draw conclusions. Be sure to address any limitations of your research and be careful not to overstate what you found. Summarize the evidence for your conclusions, explain any implications or potential applications of your findings, and suggest directions for future research.

Tips for the Writing Process

Managing Your Citations

EndNote can help you keep your research in one place, organize your PDFs, and format your citations in Microsoft Word. You have access to EndNote for free as long as you are a currently enrolled student, faculty, or staff.

You can download EndNote. Please make a note of any compatibility or system requirements before downloading.

Here are tutorials for EndNote 20:

Even More Research Guides